Historical Background
If you would like to learn more about this fascinating and tumultuous time, please visit the following links:
Medieval Antisemitism (Wikipedia)
The Clifford’s Tower massacre (The History Press)
Aaron of York (Wikipedia)
The Massacre at Clifford’s Tower (English Heritage)
Yom Tov Ben Isaac of Joigny (Jewish Encyclopedia)
Omnam Ken (Jewish Encyclopedia, An article detailing Rabbi Yom Tov’s penitential hymm, still sung by some congregations during High Holy Day services)
Speaking With Shadows Podcast (A production of English Heritage)
Smithsonian Magazine (Information on a recent archaeological find of the bones of Jews killed in Norwich, just prior to the York massacre)
Richard of Devizes (Wikipedia, A contemporary Christian monk and chronicler, the first person to use “holocaust” to describe the mass murder of Jews)
Turning Over the Stones of England’s Lost Jewish Past (New York Times)